ABSTRACT
[...]this manuscript takes a global approach and highlights strategies countries such as Amsterdam, Spain, and the Europe Union have implemented to combat the spread of false information. According to Mello (2022), in 2012 the Supreme Court heard a case, "invalidating a law that criminalized lying about receiving military medals, the Supreme Court refused to hold that false statements lie wholly outside First Amendment protection" (p. 1). Furthermore, in the first quarter of 2020, Fox News averaged 3.4 million total primetime viewers, compared to 1.9 million for MSNBC and 1.4 million for CNN. Because the average age for a Fox News viewer is over 65, and the network averages the largest viewership of all news outlets, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) believed that Fox News' messaging may have left its audience at a higher risk of contracting Covid-19. [...]of the circulation of fake news (FN), the most frequent complaint about getting vaccinated against Covid-19 was the fear of experiencing side effects;this led people to question the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine.
ABSTRACT
[...]on a global scale, a country's ability to sensor communication networks affects the public's ability to receive information in times of crisis such as during the Covid-19 pandemic. Both studies included a sample size of 1,000 and the materials for the study were obtained through a partnership with Harvard Global Health Institute, which provided the researchers with 15 false and 15 true news headlines that pertained to Covid-19. [...]people would rather stay silent than be seen as combative. [...]Reynolds et al.